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The Girl With X-Ray Eyes
imageNatasha Demkina, a young girl living in Saransk, Russia, began to receive a lot of media attention around the middle of last month. It started with an article in Pravda, which hailed her as the 'Girl with X-ray vision'. You see, Natasha possesses the unusual ability to peer through human flesh and spot diseases and injuries that are lurking unseen within people's bodies. Or, at least, this is what Pravda claimed. It didn't take long for more newspapers to catch onto the story. The British Sun has been the most relentless about pursuing it. They've actually flown Natasha to London and are now parading her around like some kind of weird curiosity. Does Natasha really have x-ray eyes? Well, I doubt it. But I'm sure The Sun is going to milk this for all it's worth.
Categories: Health/Medicine
Posted by Alex on Tue Feb 03, 2004
Comments (710)
Actually, there is an error in my previous calculations but there is an error in their calculations too. Here is the exact table of probabilities (used by them, reconstructed by me):

Correct Probability
0 36.79%
1 36.81%
2 18.33%
3 6.25%
4 1.38%
5 0.42%
6 0.00%
7 0.02%
-------
Total 100.00%

Note: There is no chance of getting 6 right because in that case you would actually get all seven right.

The probability of Natasha getting 4 or more exactly right is 1.38 + 0.42 + 0.02 = 1.82% or 1 in 55. But that is if she had 7 medical conditions and 7 people to assign them to. There were only 6 conditions and 7 people (one person had no condition at all). When you redo the calculations with that information you get the following table:

Correct Probability
0 42.09%
1 36.74%
2 15.77%
3 4.37%
4 0.89%
5 0.12%
6 0.02%
-------
Total 100.00%

The probability of Natasha getting 4 or more conditions exactly right is 0.89 + 0.12 + 0.02 = 1.03% or 1 in 97.

In addition to this, there is scientific and statistical method to be considered. First is the 'null hypothesis', which in this case would state that, all things considered, Natasha is no different from any other person. To check this we run a test and we use an alpha level (a cut off point) to excluded the null hypothesis. The usual alpha level (commonly used in normal statistical analysis) is 5%. CSICOPS believed they set their alpha level at 0.44% (which was actually 0.14%) (at least 5 right out of a possible 6) which is extremely harsh in my opinion in either case.

Natasha achieved 1,82% on their table, actually 1.03% on my table (at least 4 right out of 6). That is extremely unlikely by pure chance if she is an ordinary person. The expected number of correct answers for a normal person would be no more than 2. Try it yourself and you will see. Either way it is better than 5%.

The calculations posted previously were erroneous, but the ones here have been double checked and I am very confident in them.
Posted by Puck T Benson  on  Thu Dec 09, 2004  at  11:58 PM
Appendix:

This is the program used to generate the tables in this letter (please consider it public domain):

----------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int i;
int j;
int tmp;
int count;
int choice;
int actual[7];
int guess[7];
int result[8];

// Initialise
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
actual = i + 1;
guess = i + 1;
result = 0;
}
result = 0;
// Play ten million guessing games
for (j = 0; j < 10000000; j++) {
// Randomise conditions (actual)
for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
choice = rand()%7;
tmp = actual[choice];
actual[choice] = actual;
actual = tmp;
}
// Randomise conditions (guess)
for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
choice = rand()%7;
tmp = guess[choice];
guess[choice] = guess;
guess = tmp;
}
// How many were right guesses?
count = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) { // 6 conditions only
if (actual == guess)
count++;
}
// Record results
result[count]++;
}
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
printf("=\t\t%8.8g%%\n", i, result,
((float) result)/100000.0);
}
return 0;
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Posted by Puck T Benson  on  Thu Dec 09, 2004  at  11:59 PM
Puck again is wrong, although not as grossly wrong as in his previous attack on our test (in which he inflated the odds by more than 1500 percent!)

Natasha had to match 7 conditions to the 7 subjects, not 6. The 7th condition was "none of the specified target conditions." The odds, rounded off, of getting at least 4 matches correct are .02 or 1 in 50.

Puck is equally wrong to dispute the required level for passing which all parties in the test had agreed to 5 days prior to the test. The well-known principle, "unusual claims require unusual amounts of evidence," certainly applies here. In is not reasonable to use .05 as a maximum probability for passing with such a highly unlikely claim.

Furthermore, these odds are the odds for matching at least 4 conditions correctly by blind guessing. But Natasha wasn't blindly guessing. She had many clues that may have helped her increase her score of correct matches.

We wanted to conduct a truly blinded study, but for unexplained reasons, Natasha has to be able to see her subjects with normal vision. She can't use her "x-ray vision" in the dark. And, although her "x-ray vision" allegedly penetrates any kind of fabric worn by a person, for unknown reasons, she can't "see" through fabric if it's in front of a person (like a screen) instead of on the person. -- ASkolnick
Posted by Andrew Skolnick  on  Fri Dec 10, 2004  at  01:09 AM
Again Andrew Skolnick makes claims he cannot support scientifically.

If you aren't going to use scientific method then you can make any claim you like, which you have done. What would have been more fair was to let her try it 20 times with 20 groups of people. That's stats!

I did the test myself 6 times and got 3, 0, 0, 0, 0 and 0. The 3 was a real fluke and it surprised me. I suggest that our readers try it for themselves and they will soon see.

The claim that "unusual claims require unusual amounts of evidence" is an attrociuos misuse of statistics and is unscientific. You can disprove anything using that premise just by setting your alpha level at an almost impossible level.

The chance of her getting 4 right out of 7 is about the same as winning on the long odds in a horse race (50 to 1).

Andrew Skolnick's alpha level around 0.5% (rounded up) or about 1 in 200. That is a mathematically provable fact. This isn't rocket science.
Posted by Puck T Benson  on  Fri Dec 10, 2004  at  01:36 AM
If you aren't being truthful, you can make any claim you want. And that's not rocket science.

First Puck comes along and claims Natasha was "robbed" and that we're either idiots or trying to deceive you because the odds of her correctly guessing 4 or more matches was really 1 in 840.

Then he says it was 1 in 97.

Now, unable to deny that the actual odds are, as we reported, 1 in 50, he's switching his attack to claiming the passing score was set too high.

Puck, your opinion of whether the passing score, which was agreed to by Natasha and her represenetatives, was too high is no more credible than your previous false statements about the statistics. You best return here under a new screen name because this one has been pretty much discredited. --ASkolnick
Posted by Andrew Skolnick  on  Fri Dec 10, 2004  at  08:21 AM
To see similiarly baseless criticisms of the CSMMH-CSICOP test of Natasha Demkina, and the investigators replies, visit: http://www.csmmh.org/demkina/answerstocritics.html
Posted by Andrew Skolnick  on  Fri Dec 10, 2004  at  04:22 PM
Andrew, you're an asshole.
Posted by bobo  on  Sat Dec 11, 2004  at  05:02 AM
I don't think he's being an asshole, just making too big of a deal out of a math problem. Not everyone is a math PhD you know, and some people haven't learned the quirks that makes math so difficult. While I haven't checked them, Puck's calculations may be correct but not used in the right setting. After all, there are problems where there is more then one method to get an answer, but only one of these methods gets the correct one.

Also, I believe that you were out of line, Andrew, for saying that Puck has been discredited. Just because he may be wrong about this problem doesn't mean that he's wrong about anything else.
Posted by Fay-Fay  on  Sat Dec 11, 2004  at  02:35 PM
Fay-Fay, apparently you haven't noticed that Puck now has changed his argument several times, keeping only one thing constant -- his presumption that my colleagues and I "robbed" Natasha. He first tried to discredit our stastical analysis by claiming we were off by more than 1500% The odds of Natasha blindly matching at least 4 of the target conditions correctly, he insisted, was not 1 in 50 but 1 in 840!

When that claim was discredited, he claimed that the odds were 1 in 97. And finally, when he was compelled to admit that the odds we gave are correct, he made no apology for his false statements, nor withdrew his highly incendiary claim that Natasha was "robbed." Instead, he simply switched his argument to claiming that the test's "alpha level" was set too high. That, of course, is equally untrue.

Puck's position is that we're wrong about our statistics and he has resorted to several false arguments to promote that position. I don't know about you, but I try to learn from history. And what I've learned from Puck's past statements is that he is not a credible authority on statistics.

Credible people fit their opinions to the facts. People who are caught REPEATEDLY trying to twist the facts to support their opinion are simply not credible.
Posted by aaskolnick  on  Sat Dec 11, 2004  at  03:10 PM
I didn't say that Aaskol was wrong. Clearly he's right. But he'd do well to have a little more grace than when he suggested Puck should slink away in shame. I mean, yes, Puck was wrong. Puck Puck has been thoroughly discredited. Puck sed bring it on, and it got brung. Now can we all get along?
Posted by bobo  on  Sat Dec 11, 2004  at  03:52 PM
By just picking out the person who wasn't ill, the healthy guy, Natasha proved enough. I know what's going on here, how can she see an appendix that is'nt there anymore and doesn't hurt anymore, the metal plate does not have any colors, how could she notice? And the sunglasses covering the eyes of the patients.... what kind of test is this? x-ray? wake up people she sees the patient, there illness, what the patient feels and not a stone cold condition. She is a very nice human being with a special gift.
Posted by Irene  in  Netherlands  on  Mon Jan 03, 2005  at  07:57 AM
Irene, you have an interesting point of view on things. What is your schooling and profession?
Posted by bobo  on  Mon Jan 03, 2005  at  10:28 AM
Whatever gift Irene thinks Natasha Demkina has is not the gift that Natasha claims to have. Based on Irene's comments, she doesn't appear to have a clue what Natasha claims to be able to do. Natasha has claimed she can see metal screws and other small metal devices that were surgially implanted in people years before. And she claims she can see the marks of bone fractures that healed 30 years before! Obviously, not being able to "see" that a large section of someone's skull is missing and that the hole is covered by a large metal plate, is difficult to explain away. Some people, I know, don't need to explain anything. They prefer to cling to belief and to reject all evidence to the contrary.
Posted by aaskolnick  in  Amherst  on  Mon Jan 03, 2005  at  01:45 PM
I think it is said Natasha faild the test. Maybe she should do a similar test again...with more "ill" people to choose from. So that if she chooses the right people the possibility that it is change is very very low...

However...I think she has proved more than enough...And even IF she isn't able to get everything right under the conditions the scientist put her...her gift is still one to examine...because with her own method her readings are absolutely accurate. And so they would be very practical. And if it isn't paranormal but it works...then why not use it...ore are the billionindustries afraid that they will ceize to exist...I think that is one of the most likely reasons they don't want her gift to be recocnized...and it would be an " attack" on the thinking of almost every scientist and many other people.

I don't think believing in paranormal gifts has realy to do with your schooling...only in the way how open minded your schooling was...
Barbara Brennan holds a Master degree in Atmospheric Physics and worked years for Nasa. Besides that she holds a Doctorate of Philosophy and Theology. And she also believes you can see into the body. She can do it hereself and teaches it to others. Isn't it wonderful.
Posted by Marlon  on  Mon Jan 03, 2005  at  05:05 PM
Oh, this is just too funny! Citing "Dr." Barbara Brennan to provide credibility for such absurd claims is too silly for words! Barbara Brennan's "Doctorate of Philosophy" is no more credible than are her psychic claims. Brennan says she earned her Ph.D. from "Greenwich University." Greenwich University (not to be confused with the respected University of Greenwich) is listed on the State of Oregon's Web site of diploma mills as never having been accredited. Using a degree from this school is illegal in Oregon:

http://www.osac.state.or.us/oda/unaccredited.html

The State of Michigan also doesn't recognize degrees from this "university":

http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Non-accreditedSchools_78090_7.pdf

Greenwich University operated under a charter from the territorial government of Norfolk Island from June 1998 until Dec. 2, 2002, when the Australian Federal Government overrode the charter; the school now appears to be defunct.

http://www.dest.gov.au/highered/quality/greenwich.htm

Likewise, Brennan's own school, the "Barbara Brennan School of Healing" in Boca Raton, Florida, offers "bachelor degrees" even though it is NOT an accredited school!

Marlon thinks it's wonderful. I think it's:

Bogus: adj. Counterfeit or fake [From English "bogus," a device for making counterfeit money.]
Posted by aaskolnick  on  Mon Jan 03, 2005  at  08:55 PM
well i think she's lieing but that's my opinin.

ps.like i allways say opinin's are like asshole's.
Posted by psofan89  in  texsa  on  Tue Jan 04, 2005  at  02:04 AM
Dear Bobo, I don't think its a matter of education to discuss this matter, but for the record I work in the department of Pathology and do research in the field of Alzheimer's disease for almost 24 years now. For those who need prove of everything, look in Pubmed for "otteholler" or try this link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=pubmed
But back to this issue, it's anyway import to discuss matters like these, like it's important to discuss everything "professional" doctor's do as well. I've seen good docs and bad docs, I've seen amzing wonders after surgery and amazing failures too. Some people reject everything in a person when not 100% evidence is given. That's a quote even doctor's cannot give. Natasha has everything to become a good docter, I hope she won't forget her special gift during her medicin study, since this study is so very theoretical.
Posted by Irene Otte  in  Netherlands  on  Tue Jan 04, 2005  at  10:29 AM
Dear Aaskolnick,

I have to admid that I don't know what kind of University "Greenwich University" is. But if there are two states that don't recognize this University as real, and the rest does the univerisity can't be to bad, can it??

And I know that Brennan her school is not an University. But I know it is fully licensed! It is collage and in November, 2002 the Florida Commission for Independent Education granted BBSH approval to offer a Bachelor of Science degree in Brennan Healing Science.

http://www.barbarabrennan.com/bbsh/BACHELOR/BSdegreeInfo.html

I can understand if you don't find her psychic claims very credible. However, I think that if you would investigate her work more you will find her claims become more and more credible. I don't need her to prove that psychic vision etc. realy excist, because I have my own experiences with it.

Have a nice day

Marlon
Posted by Marlon  on  Tue Jan 04, 2005  at  02:09 PM
Marlon,

I provided you with authoritative sources of information about that bogus school. You can't continue claiming ignorance in your defense of Barbara Brennan's bogus academic credentials. And please, her school is NOT accredited. The state of Florida can't accredit any school of higher education. Accreditation has to come from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, one of the six regional accreditation bodies in the U.S. And the Barbara Brennan School of Healing is NOT accredited.

The "BS degree" Barbara Brennan's school offers is as worthles as her own "Ph.D." from the unaccredited and defunct Greenwich University and her "D.Th." from Holos University, yet another unaccredited "diploma mill."

Is there a relationship between bogus degrees and bogus claims of psychic powers? Only a fool would not see the connection. People who would deceive others about their credentials would likely deceive others about the work they do.
Posted by aaskolnick  on  Tue Jan 04, 2005  at  02:57 PM
Dear aaskolnick

Barbara Brennan holds a Master Degree in atmospheric physics. That is one thing. I do not know much about her other grades.

However, I Do know that her teachings are very usefull. I know that energy healing excist and work. I know that high sense perception is something real, because of my own experiences with it. I also know people with the same experiences.

At her school the studens must have a few high sense perception skills and healing skills before they are permitted to the next year (4 years). Why should a studend give his money away to something that is not real. If he doesn't have the skills he must have, he will know it himeself. However, she has over 1000 student and every year there are people graduating.

But...you don't have to believe it. I believe it...I know it...and I believe you will know it. If it is not know, that another time... There asre skeps that have made a turn of 180 degrees.

Byebye,
Marlon
Posted by Marlon  on  Tue Jan 04, 2005  at  03:43 PM
Marlon asks, "Why should a student give his money away to something that is not real."

Marlon, if you would inform yourself by going to either of the two government Web sites I cited, you would see that each year THOUSANDS of students give their money away for "Ph.D.s" and other degrees that are "not real."

Some don't realize that the "degrees" they are buying are bogus. Others don't care -- their intent is to "earn" academic credentials that will fool the uninformed.
Posted by aaskolnick  on  Tue Jan 04, 2005  at  05:05 PM
Hi aaskolnick,

You said, "Some don't realize that the "degrees" they are buying are bogus. Others don't care -- their intent is to "earn" academic credentials that will fool the uninformed."

I believe that the people you discribe excist.

However, I was talking about Barbara her own healing school. If you don't start feeling better during her programm, and if you don't start seeing and feeling the aura, and it's anatomy etc like she discripes it why should you then give your money to it...

I don't have the disire to prove to you the aura excists...I don't have the desire to defend her school...I only hope to help people by broading their vision, and I intent to do that with love. Because if I don't do something with love, that part that doesn't love is a part of a problem and not a solution.

Love and blessings,
Marlon
Posted by Marlon  on  Wed Jan 05, 2005  at  02:28 PM
My Marlon, you continue to refuse to see what's put right in front of you! Not only is Barbara's "Ph.D." and her "D.Th" degrees bogus -- the "B.S." degree she sells to her own students is just as bogus!

You asked why any student would throw their money away in a bogus degree program. I told you: some are too foolish to realize the degrees are bogus; others know, but they wish to deceive others by claiming to have academic credentials without actually earning them.

Such deceptive conduct doesn't bother you, although it clearly should.

So please don't keep claiming to be such an enlightened and spiritual person. Enlightened and spiritual people don't deceive or mislead others and they don't condone others who make a business by deceiving or misleading others.
Posted by aaskolnick  on  Wed Jan 05, 2005  at  02:51 PM
Hi hi,

You only focus on that "degrees" wich aren't recognized in some states. I admit that!!! And about her bachelor degree that isn't recognized... I couldn't find that on one of the sites but... I'm not talking about recordnizion anymore.

I am talking about what I have learned from Brennan and my own experiences with her teaching. And because of that experiences with it I respect her and her school.

I think I am spiritual because I try to be fair to myself with everything, sometimes I succeed in this, sometimes not... and I think being fair to yourself it the core of a spiritual life. Enlightened is something different but I think that in essence I am enlightened just like everyone else. I remember more and more...

And...now I am defending meself in kind of a way and I that wasn't what I wanted to do...

I want to be happy... rather than having the "right" on my side.

Have a nice evening,
Marlon
Posted by Marlon  on  Wed Jan 05, 2005  at  03:44 PM
Well, that's the difference between us: you believe things that make you "happy" and I believe things that are "right" and factually true. If believing in ghosts and psychics make you happy, to you they're real. For me, they're delusions that some people turn to for comfort.

You've shown a willingness to dismiss facts that don't support your comforting beliefs -- such as the fact that people who proudly display bogus degrees, and in turn sell bogus degress to others, are not ethical people.

It's not so important what you or I believe. What is important is what you and I are able to prove with credible evidence. And the evidence you cited to defend your belief in Natasha Demkina's "X-ray vision" does not stand up to reasoned scrutiny.

Citing Barbara Brennan as an example of a real honest psychic only showed that you don't understand the difference between truth and fiction. Honest people don't use bogus degrees. That's a fact.

You say "being fair to yourself is the core to spiritual life." I say that is bilge. Being fair to others and to the truth is the core to spiritual life.
Posted by aaskolnick  on  Thu Jan 06, 2005  at  08:35 AM
"Being fair to others and to the truth is the core to spiritual
life."

You said is beautifully!
Posted by marlon  on  Thu Jan 06, 2005  at  02:05 PM
she's russian for christ's sake!!! they would do absolutely anything for a roll of toilet paper. make that dirty vodka chugger pay for lying to the world. give rocky balboa a call and tell him "the russian" wants a rematch.
Posted by true believer  on  Sat Jan 29, 2005  at  12:44 PM
true, false, whatever.....all i have to say is that i pity people who can only see the world in black and white.
what really kills me about these scientists is the condesention and sarcasm that laces every word leaving their mouths on these matters.
just because you cant get your narrow mind around it doesnt mean its not true.
from the documentary its clear that she has helped people, whether it is a divine gift or intuition or just dumb luck, and that is what counts.
this world is cold enough....maybe some people just want something beyond that to believe in.
Posted by Stephanie  in  dublin  on  Mon Feb 14, 2005  at  05:11 PM
oh and one more thing.....i have to laugh at all these scientists who believe in whats "right" and "factually true".
how many theories of days gone by that scientists thought were "right" and "factually true" has since been proved very much WRONG. the world is changing all the time and could it not be even remotely possible that our brains are too?? maybe some people can do things that others cant?? but in your worlds of statistics and clinicalism you cant expand your minds enough to even consider that. but thats your choice. instead you make comments which are dripping with disdain and clearly look down on those who choose to disagree with you.

for me the issue isnt whether she has a gift or not, it simply highlights the narrow-mindedness of many people.

its a pity really....but to each their own.
Posted by Stephanie  on  Mon Feb 14, 2005  at  05:17 PM
Wow Stephanie,

Of all the responses on this subject I find your response the most beautiful...without any doubt! "true, false, whatever.....all i have to say is that i pity people who can only see the world in black and white." I couldn't say it any better!

Wow!!

Marlon
Posted by Marlon  on  Tue Feb 15, 2005  at  06:23 AM
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