Techniques of Fakery
There are six basic techniques of faking a photo, none of which are mutually exclusive.

1: Inserting details. This includes placing an element from one photo into another to create a composite image, reproducing a detail of the photo by cloning it, superimposing an image onto another, or drawing-in details.

2: Deleting details. This is usually done by extending background elements over the unwanted detail. Or one can crop out the unwanted detail.

3: Manipulating elements within the photo. For instance, one can adjust the color, resize details, or rotate or move details.

4: falsifying the caption. (In a sense, every fake photo has been falsely captioned.)

5: Staging the scene. This is considered fakery particularly when it occurs in photojournalism. Varieties of staging a scene include using models and cutouts and inserting a prop into the scene.

6: Taking a photo at a trick angle. The most common example of this is the use of forced perspective.


Themes


Time Periods
hoax photo database

Category: Before 1900
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The Sympsychograph
Darkroom effect (satire)
September 1896



The Silent City
False caption
ca. 1889



The Rope Trick
Staged
ca. 1888



Dickens in America
Fake (doctored)
December 1867



The Martyr Lincoln
Staged using lookalike
late 1860s



Lincoln’s Portrait
Fake (composite)
Late 1860s



Petticoat Politics
Fake (composite)
May 1865



A Sharpshooter’s Last Sleep
Staged Scene
Taken in 1863. Exposed as a fake in 1961.



Mumler’s Spirit Photos
Double exposures passed off as spirit photos
1861-1879



Interior of the Secundra Bagh
Possibly staged
March or April 1858



Street Urchins Tossing Chestnuts
Staged
1857



The Valley of the Shadow of Death
Staged
April 23, 1855



Portrait of the Photographer as a Drowned Man
Staged
1840


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